The knowledge of peanut industry chain

Peanuts are important economic crops and oil crops in our country. Among the main oil crops in our country, peanut planting area ranks third, second only to soybean and rapeseed. Data show that in 2020, our country's peanut planting area will be 4,600 thousand hectares, accounting for 18.36% of the total planting area of China's five major oil crops.

Peanuts are grown widely in our country, except Tibet, Qinghai, and Hong Kong, they are grown around China. However, there are significant differences between provinces in terms of factor endowment, technological level, infrastructure, and industrial policies in peanut production. At present, peanut planting in our country is mainly distributed in Central China, East China, South China and North China. Specific to the provinces, it is more concentrated in Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Jiangsu, Anhui, Guangxi, Liaoning, Sichuan, Hubei, Guangdong, Fujian, etc. Among them, Henan and Shandong are the two largest peanut-growing provinces in China, accounting for 26.04% and 15.05% of the planting area respectively.

Peanuts are widely planted in China because they are more useful and can generate more economic benefits. Peanuts are divided into the following three uses.

First, the amount of peanuts used for oil accounts for about 53% of peanut production. Among the oil crops in our country, the oil yield of peanuts is around 40%, while that of sunflower is 38%, rapeseed 35%, domestic soybeans 17.5%, and imported soybeans is 19%. The oil production rate of peanut is the highest.

Second, eating includes direct eating and deep-processed eating. In terms of direct eating, our country's traditional eating methods include raw food and simple processing such as cooking, frying, roasting, etc, or special processing into food. Processed foods mainly include candies, cakes, snacks, porridge, soup, beverages and western foods. In terms of deep-processed foods, our country's peanut deep-processed products mainly include peanut butter, peanut drinks and peanut protein. Peanut butter is mainly used for export and is becoming more and more popular in the domestic market. The sensory properties of the peanut drink is milky white liquid, with a soft, sweet taste, no peculiar smell, peanut clear fragrance, no beany and astringent taste of soy milk, and it is easily accepted by consumers. There are many kinds of peanut protein products, mainly powdered peanut protein, such as peanut powder, protein concentrate, and protein isolate.

Third, the main by-products of peanut pressing are peanut meal and peanut shells. The peanut meal has a protein content of more than 50% and is mainly used as feed or fertilizer. Peanut shells have many uses, such as edible fungus cultivation, feed, etc, and industrially used to make adhesives, particle boards, activated carbon, and pharmaceuticals.